How does a CPAP work?
CPAP works by delivering a steady continuous pressure during both inhalation and exhalation.
CPAP is the most basic level of support and provides constant fixed positive pressure throughout inspiration and expiration, causing the airways to remain open and reduce the work of breathing. This results in a higher degree of inspired oxygen than other oxygen masks.
When indicated for home use it is usually via a low flow generator and is commonly used for patients requiring nocturnal CPAP for sleep apnea.
High flow systems used in a hospital environment are designed to ensure that airflow rates delivered are greater than those generated by the distressed patient. As well as having an effect on respiratory function it can also assist cardiac function where patients have a low cardiac output with pre-existing low blood pressure. It is also commonly used for severe obstructive sleep apnoea and also for type 1 respiratory failure.
A CPAP machine takes in room air, then filters and pressurizes it before delivering it through a tube and into your mask. The continuous flow of air gently keeps your tongue, uvula and soft palate from shifting too far into your airway. This stabilizes your breathing and improves your overall sleep quality.
A CPAP machine is just one type of PAP (positive airway pressure) device. While CPAP is the most common among these machines, there are other types as well. These include:
Bi-level PAP.
This machine uses two different pressures — one during inhalation and one during exhalation.
Auto CPAP.
This device self-regulates, using a range of pressures to keep airways open.
Adaptive servo-ventilation (ASV).
Reserved for people with central sleep apnea, ASV keeps your airway open by delivering a mandatory breath when necessary.
CPAP equipment
Mask headgear
Air tubing Humidifier tub Air filters
Full face Nasal Nasal pillows
Mask cushions
Accessories
Flow generator (CPAP or APAP machine)
Here’s how it all works together
Filters are used to keep
allergens out of the airflow
Humidifier tub adds moisture
to the air you breathe
Mask (frame, cushion and
headgear) allows pressurized
air to enter the airway
Machine pushes air through
the tubing to the mask
How to clean a CPAP machine?
Keeping your CPAP machine clean helps you avoid bacteria and mold exposure. For optimal hygiene, you should clean your tubing, mask and water chamber daily. If this isn’t possible, make an effort to clean your CPAP machine at least once a week. You should always follow the manufacturer’s recommendations for cleaning your CPAP machine, but here are some general guidelines:
Disassemble your CPAP machine
Unplug the device.
Remove your mask and headgear from the tubing.
Remove the tubing from the CPAP machine.
Remove the water chamber from the CPAP machine.
Soak the parts of your CPAP machine
Fill a basin with warm water and a small amount of dish soap.
Submerge your tubing, mask and headgear.
Allow the parts to soak for at least 30 minutes, then rinse.
Allow the CPAP parts to air dry.
Clean the external surface
Dampen a soft cloth and wipe down the external surfaces of your CPAP machine.
Reassemble your CPAP machine
Once the parts are completely dry, reassemble your CPAP machine.
Turn the device on temporarily to ensure that everything is working properly.
Clean the humidifier once every week
Use hot water and mild soap.
Allow the humidifier to air dry.
You should only use distilled water when running your humidifier.
Note: Don’t use external cleaning devices that aren’t included in the manufacturer’s instructions, as many of these products haven’t been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
